Effect of Artificial Recharge Structure on Unconfined Aquifer in Basalt Land Form: A Case Study

Abstract

Groundwater storage of an area depends on the factors such as topography, geology, intensity of rainfall, number of rainy days and nature and thickness of soil cover. Hard rock poses unusual problems due to marked variation in hydraulic characteristics. This poses uncertain issues about the aquifer sustainability, so conservation of ground water is essential, which can be achieved by artificial recharge to ground water table. In situ tests were conducted for determination of hydraulic properties and yield characteristics of open wells. The study revealed the fact that, groundwater availability is quite appreciable in the middle and western portion of the sub watershed whereas, northern portions of the sub watershed need proper strategies for conservation, to meet future demands. Hence, artificial recharge for the open wells is essential in such conditions. Hence, in the current study, an attempt is made towards the assessment of the effect of check dams constructed   on small streams and rivers in hard rock landscape with a semi-arid climate. For this purpose, along with field tests, SWAT and HYDRUS – 1D model were used. It is noted  that there is increase in water levels recorded after construction of the recharge structures. The characteristics of soil and thickness of the weathered zone had a significant impact on recharge. Construction of recharge structures at the sub- watershed level is useful in the development of ground water potential.